Define nursing interventions and preventive efforts to strengthen vunerable children's resilence who have witnessed or experienced violence and emotional abuse.
1. You should get the child's testimony without external influences. At first you have to take time for you and the child to have a trusting relationship.
2. Remember the 4 P-s.
3. Ask open questions, use different method based on their age and level of understanding (drawing, playing, writing and so on) and level of trauma. Also you mustn't ask directly "what did (s)he do, how did it make you feel" but you just have to make a conversation - "what do you usually do together?"
4. Be neutral and make him/her understand that something is wrong if something is wrong - define normal!
5. Don't judge the person but the act or behaviour. - Analyze, explore, observe.
6. Don't make promises.
7. Secure the kid by seeing the same nurse (and others) all the time.
8. Cooperate with teachers and family and other specialists - be a team! (also it would be good to have a special place where all the helpers come - so it's a secure place and kid doesn't have to go from place-to-place)
9. It is not a childs fault.
10. Look for alarming signs and pay attention to them (observe skin, attitude etc.)
11. Examine situation from different aspects: think where it happened, with whom, could it have happened to other kids as well? Ex. in kindergarten.
12. Be calm and do not force kid to talk if they don't want to.
13. Educate staff - ex. teachers.
14. Develop our confidence about talking about hard issues and putting them on the table.
15. Learn how to react when you suspect something.
16. We need better support at work for nurses who report suspicion of abuse, better protection for nurses.
17. Kids can be creative and imagine things, so we have to be careful - there is a thin line.
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